Deck Building and Planning in Minnesota: A Comprehensive Guide

Are you considering adding a beautiful new deck to your Minnesota home? A well-designed deck can provide valuable outdoor living space, increase your home’s value, and enhance your quality of life. However, proper planning and execution are crucial to ensure your deck project is successful, safe, and compliant with local regulations. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the key considerations for deck building and planning in Minnesota.

Deck Layout and Design

The first step in any deck project is to determine the optimal layout and design for your space. Consider factors such as:

Size and Shape

How much space do you have available, and how large of a deck do you envision? Keep in mind that your deck should be proportional to your home and not overwhelm your yard.
Decks come in various shapes, including rectangular, square, multi-level, and freestanding. Choose a shape that complements your home’s architecture and suits your intended use of the space.

Functionality and Accessibility

Think about how you plan to use your deck. Will it primarily be for relaxing and dining, or do you envision features like an outdoor kitchen, fire pit, or hot tub? Make sure your layout can accommodate your desired activities.
Consider how you will access your deck from your home, and whether you need to incorporate stairs, ramps, or multiple entrances. Also think about accessibility for elderly individuals or those with mobility issues.

View and Orientation

Position your deck to take advantage of any scenic views or natural features in your yard.
You may also want to orient your deck for optimal sun exposure or shade coverage.

Some popular deck layout examples include:

Wraparound: A deck that extends around two or more sides of your home, providing ample space and multiple vantage points.
Multi-level: A deck with two or more levels connected by stairs, creating distinct zones for different activities.
Platform: A simple, single-level deck that is low to the ground and doesn’t require railings.
Raised: An elevated deck that requires railings for safety, often used to create a level surface on sloped yards.
Freestanding: A deck that is not attached to your home, functioning more as a separate landscaping feature.

To visualize your design ideas, consider using deck design software like SketchUp, AutoCAD, or Azek’s Deck Designer tool. These programs allow you to experiment with different layouts, add furniture and accessories, and see a realistic 3D model before beginning construction.

Material Selection

With your basic design in mind, it’s time to select the materials for your deck. The main types of decking materials include:

Wood: Traditional wood decking includes options like pressure-treated pine, cedar, and redwood. Wood offers a classic look, but requires regular maintenance like staining and sealing to prevent weathering, splintering, and rotting.
Composite: Made from a mix of wood fibers and plastic polymers, composite decking is durable and low-maintenance. Brands like Trex, TimberTech, and Fiberon offer composite decking in a variety of colors and finishes that mimic the look of real wood.
PVC: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) decking is completely synthetic, making it very resistant to moisture, insects, and fading. AZEK and Wolf are popular PVC decking brands.
Aluminum: Lightweight yet strong, aluminum decking won’t rust, warp, or decay. It can also be powder-coated in an array of colors. However, aluminum can be more expensive than other options.
Glass: For a modern look, glass panels can be incorporated into deck railings or floor sections. Glass is easy to clean and maintain, but can be costly.

When choosing your materials, consider factors like:

Durability: How well will the material stand up to Minnesota’s harsh winters and hot summers? Look for materials with long warranties.
Maintenance: How much upkeep are you willing to do? Wood requires the most work, while composite and PVC are very low-maintenance.
Aesthetics: Consider the style of your home and landscaping. Do you prefer the natural look of wood, or the clean lines of synthetic materials?
Cost: Compare material costs as well as long-term expenses like upkeep. Investing in pricier low-maintenance materials may save you money over time.
Sustainability: If using eco-friendly materials is a priority, look for options made from recycled content or sustainably harvested wood.

Permitting and Building Codes

Before starting construction on your deck, you’ll need to navigate the local permitting process and ensure your design meets relevant building codes. This is critical for your deck’s safety and your own legal protection.

Building codes are sets of regulations that specify minimum standards for design and construction. In Minnesota, the main building codes to be aware of are:

Minnesota State Building Code

This code, which is based on the International Residential Code (IRC), applies statewide and includes requirements for footings, joists, beams, railings, and stairs.

Local Amendments

Some cities and counties may have additional code requirements that are stricter than the state code. Check with your local building department for any specific rules in your area.

Common code requirements for decks include:

Footings must extend below the frost line (42-60 inches in Minnesota) to prevent shifting.
Railings are required on any deck surface 30+ inches above grade.
Stair treads and risers must meet certain dimension requirements for safety.
Ledger boards attaching the deck to the house must be properly flashed and bolted.
A minimum amount of space is required between deck boards for drainage.

To get approval to build your deck, you’ll need to apply for a building permit from your city or county building department. This usually involves submitting a detailed site plan, construction drawings, and material specs for review. You may also need separate permits for electrical or plumbing work.

The permit process ensures your plans are code-compliant and helps protect you from unsafe structures and legal issues when selling your home. Once your permit is approved, you are responsible for scheduling required inspections at various stages of the build, such as post-hole, framing, and final completion, to verify the work is up to code.

To prepare for the permitting process:

Contact your local building department to understand the specific requirements and fees.
Prepare detailed plans that show dimensions, materials, and construction details.
Be thorough in your permit application and plan to wait at least 2-4 weeks for approval.
Schedule inspections promptly and keep all records including plans and permit paperwork.

If you work with a professional deck builder, they should be well-versed in local codes and permitting. However, it’s still important to be informed and engaged in the process as the homeowner.

Installation Best Practices

With planning complete, it’s time to build your dream deck. Whether you’re an experienced DIYer or hiring a contractor, adhering to best practices will ensure a successful project.

Key steps and considerations include:

Site Preparation and Foundation

Clear and level the build site, call 811 to check for underground utilities, and consider drainage.
Deck footings should be spaced and sized properly, extend below the frost line, and set on undisturbed soil. Poured concrete piers are typical for Minnesota decks.

Framing and Flashing

Use treated lumber for the framework, properly securing the ledger board to the house and triple-checking all measurements and squareness. Joists should be spaced 16 inches on center in most cases.
To prevent moisture damage where the deck meets the house, use a quality flashing system and water-sealing tape or membranes.

Decking and Railings

Follow your chosen product’s instructions for gaps between boards (typically 1/8 inch for wood and composite). Fasten deck boards with screws or hidden fasteners for the most secure, seamless look.
Mount railings securely to joists or posts, ensuring they meet the required 36-inch height and 4-inch sphere rule. Consider cable railing or tempered glass panels for unobstructed views.

Stairs and Finishing Touches

Rise and run, tread depth, and railing requirements are critical for stairs. Ensure that risers are consistent and treads are deep enough for safe walking. Always secure stair stringers to the deck framing and landing pad.
Apply stain, sealer, or paint if desired. Install features like built-in seating and planters. Add lighting for safety and ambience.

Throughout the build, prioritize safety by wearing proper gear, following manufacturer instructions, and checking your work against the approved plans and local codes. Don’t hesitate to consult professionals if a question or problem arises.

Hiring a Professional Deck Contractor

Managing a deck project can be daunting, especially if you lack construction experience. Hiring a reputable deck builder can ensure a safe, efficient, and high-quality result. To find the right contractor:

Seek referrals from friends, family, or neighbors who have had deck work done.
Look for specialists in decks rather than generalists. Check if they are members of NADRA (North American Deck & Railing Association).
Read reviews on Angi, Google, Houzz, or the BBB. Look for consistently positive feedback.
Request proof of licensing and insurance. Contractors in Minnesota must have a license for any projects over $15,000.
Meet with 3-4 contractors and collect detailed bids. Be wary of very low bids that seem too good to be true.
Verify that proper permitting and inspections are included in the contract.
Ask for a start date, completion date, and warranty in writing.

Once you’ve selected your contractor, maintain open communication throughout the project. Request regular updates, voice any concerns promptly, and avoid making major changes that could cause delays or extra costs.

Deck Maintenance

Proper upkeep is essential to maximize your deck’s lifespan and appearance. Create a regular maintenance routine based on your decking material:

Wood decks should be cleaned and resealed every 1-2 years, with boards checked for rot or splintering. Replace damaged boards promptly.
Composite decking needs annual cleaning with soap and water. Avoid abrasive chemicals that could scratch.
PVC and aluminum should be hosed down regularly and washed as needed. Tighten fasteners and inspect for damage.
Glass panels can be cleaned with glass cleaner. Check for chips or cracks and have a professional replace if needed.

Other general maintenance tasks include:

Sweeping away leaves and debris to prevent mildew and mold.
Trimming nearby trees and shrubs to limit organic debris on the deck.
Checking railings and stairs for wobbling. Tighten fasteners as needed.
Inspecting the ledger board and flashing for any water damage. Make repairs quickly.
Cleaning and lubricating door threshold and trim to prevent sticking.

By staying on top of maintenance, you can avoid costly repairs and keep your deck looking great for decades. If you notice concerning issues like rotting wood, loose railings, or insect damage, have a professional assess the problem.

Resources

Feeling inspired to start planning your dream deck? These local resources can help:

Minnesota Deck and Pergola Builders Directory: Browse reviews and portfolios for deck contractors across the state.
Minnesota State Deck Building Guide: Read an overview of the state building code requirements for deck safety and construction.
AZEK’s Deck Designer Tool: Play around with different deck designs, materials, and features before finalizing your plans.
Local Building Department Contact Information: Connect with your city or county building department for information on permits, codes, and inspections.
Local Deck Material Suppliers:
- Hometown Lumber Company (Twin Cities)
- Sylva Corporation (Aurora)
- Weekes Forest Products (St. Paul)
- Shaw Stewart Lumber Company (Welch)
Decking Brands:
- Trex (composite decking)
- TimberTech (capped polymer and composite decking)
- AZEK (PVC decking)
- Fiberon (composite decking)
- Deckorators (mineral-based composite decking)

With careful planning, attention to local regulations, and a commitment to quality materials and craftsmanship, you can create an outdoor living space that provides years of enjoyment. Happy building!

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